Saturn, ARTISTIC ILLNESS RELIGION AS
Thursday, July 1, 2010
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Saturn devouring his children. (Fragment). Goya
Not long ago, the profession as a painter would have to be considered high risk to health. The beauty that emit white glazes, rich fabrics, and even small illustrations in medieval manuscripts, cost the lives and mental health to a number unknown artists.
disease who were exposed to called lead poisoning. It consists of a heavy metal poisoning, especially lead . Symptoms of the disease are: cramps, headaches and numbness in mild stages. If the disease develops more, by continued exposure to lead causes aggression, deafness and finally, death.
seems that the Romans were the first to suffer harmful effects. During the festivities in honor of the god Saturn, the Saturnalia, was consuming a lot of vino.El wine was preserved in jars lined with lead, which dissolved in the drink, causing crazed disorderly and motivated to be given this name to this disorder. Some authors indicate that lead poisoning can cause recurrent madness of the Julio-Claudian (Caligula, Nero).
Vitruvius, in fact, was already aware of lead hazards, and recommends that coating used as sewage pipes, but not drinking water. This disease is more common in upper classes, as they had greater access to wine jars and covered with sophisticated substances.
slow poisoning by heavy metals can be traced easily, because it is fixed in bone. Thus, we investigated the remains of Beethoven, and concluded that he had suffered from lead poisoning.
Lead poisoning was essential pigment for painters. are three most important colors. The first, the white lead, white lead or . Until the discovery of synthetic pigments, the most important target. Very opaque, allowing transparency effects also needed for glazes.
The great potential of lead white in the bright dress Chinchón Countess of Goya.
Its Arabic name suggests the universality of the pigment. Cheap, readily available, until recently used to be able to paint walls, with the consequent risk of poisoning.
A bright yellow, Naples, is the second most important pigment. use was very common, especially for inexpensive, from the Baroque. It was based on chemical synthesis of antimony. It is very opaque, but their competitor is much more yellow indigo yellow ocher expensive and does not allow oily and bright hues.
basket with fruits, Caravaggio.
Still life stands out against the yellow background of Naples.
And the most dangerous of all so easy to find, used since ancient times, is the lead tetroxide, or common language, minium. is an orange red pigment, which is found naturally, particularly from the banks of the Miño. and was mainly used to illuminate medieval manuscripts and codices. Minium from the word miniature.
Blessed Ferdinand II and Doña Sancha.
Mini gives red-orange tones of the background.
Mini gives red-orange tones of the background.
Until recently it was used as an antioxidant, to protect surfaces exposed to the elements. All of them are so toxic they are prohibited. can still find Naples yellow, but it is a chemical imitation safely.
Lead poisoning has a special aura in relation to art. From Vasari, the artist has been evaluated using a special code of behavior that highlights the eccentricity. violence, excesses, temperamental attack, all associated with the artists, but also with Saturn, the Roman god capable of actions such as eating their children.
is attributed in part fueled violence of Caravaggio behavior, he sought and provoked fights without motivo alguno , a un saturnismo provocado por su contacto constante con colores tóxicos.
Judith decapitando a Holofernes.
Caravaggio.
También la exposición a pigmentos tóxicos pudo ser la causa de la misteriosa enfermedad de Goya, que le provocó sordera y una creciente misantropía, al igual que Beethoven. Comportamientos que no son raros en la idea que tenemos de un genio artístico.
Arrieta atendiendo a Goya during his illness.
Recent studies attributed to lead poisoning periodic crises of Van Gogh that caused him aggressive attacks against themselves and against others.
Van Gogh self-portrait with cut ear .
These speculations are confirmed in one case: that of Mario Fortuny . Fortuny was a great artist and a painter fascinated by the brightness of colors, which received a grant from the English Academy in Rome, where he developed much of their work.
Fortuny But the talent went off in his youth due to a bad habit: He held the brush with his mouth while working in his watercolors. Among the substances in his system was introduced No arsenic (green), cyanide (Prussian blue), mercury (vermilion) and lead (white and yellow). All heavy metals s.
The nostalgic look that evokes the past as a time where the man lived in greater harmony with nature sometimes makes us forget the benefits that technology has brought industrial. Most of these pigments have now a synthetic imitation is practically innocuous contact with them.
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